Concert pitch, also known as concert tuning or A440, refers to the standard pitch used by musicians and orchestras around the world. It is defined as the pitch at which the note A above middle C vibrates at a frequency of 440 Hz.
Concert pitch is important because it allows musicians from different places and times to play together in harmony. When all instruments are tuned to the same pitch, they can create a cohesive sound that is pleasing to the ear.
Before the standardization of concert pitch, musicians tuned to a variety of pitches depending on the region and time period. This made it difficult for musicians to play together and required constant retuning of instruments.
Today, A440 is the most commonly used concert pitch, although some orchestras and musicians may use a slightly different tuning.
Ludwig van Beethoven, German composer, the predominant musical figure during the transition between the Classical to Romantic eras. He occupies an unprecedented dominance in the history of Western music history, and has been widely regarded as the greatest, most influential and most popular musician who ever lived.
Beethoven's music inherited the artistic atmosphere of Haydn and Mozart, penetrated the desire for dignity, vented the anger tortured by fate, and demonstrated his determination to fight with fate.
Compared to other musicians, Beethoven is effectively to interact the philosophy of life with audience through music. Although he was not a romantic, he had become the object followed by other romantics.
As a musician, Beethoven suffered from ear diseases. However, he was unwilling to succumb to fate, vowing to take fate by the throat, and continue to complete his career. In the last ten years of his life, without hearing any sound, his compositions influenced the development of music for nearly two hundred years.